藏在香料与烟火里的沙特风味 | 阿拉伯半岛的传统美食

2026 年 5 月 6 日

沙特美食图鉴

Saudi Cuisine Guide

Every flavor is a delightful surprise.

沙特的美食，从来不是简单的果腹之物，而是自然馈赠与人文积淀的融合——干旱沙漠孕育的坚韧食材，古老商路带来的多元香料，伊斯兰文化浸润的饮食礼仪，都藏在每一口香气里。今天，就让我们一起走进沙特，解锁那些藏在烟火气中的传统特色美食与餐饮文化。

Saudi cuisine has never been merely food to fill the stomach, but a perfect fusion of natural gifts and cultural heritage.

Tough ingredients nurtured by the arid desert, diverse spices brought by ancient trade routes, and dining etiquette shaped by Islamic culture, are all hidden in every fragrant bite.

Today, let us step into Saudi Arabia and discover the traditional delicacies and catering culture hidden in the mortal warmth of daily life.

一.必尝传统美食：每一口都是沙特的灵魂

沙特的饮食以简单纯粹为核心，大多由两到四种主要食材烹制而成，风味精髓在于食材本身的品质与香料的巧妙搭配，而非复杂的烹饪技法。

Must-Try Traditional Dishes: Every Bite Holds the Soul of Saudi Arabia

Saudi cuisine centers on simplicity and purity. Most dishes are prepared with only two to four core ingredients. Its culinary essence lies in the premium quality of raw materials and the exquisite blend of spices, rather than complicated cooking techniques.

1. 吉里什——穿越千年的主食底蕴卡布萨

Jareesh — A Time-Honored Staple with Millennia-Old Heritage

被沙特烹饪委员会定为“国菜”的吉里什，是沙特社会最有历史厚度的主食之一，早在1823年就有记载，也是阿拉伯古书中提及的经典美味。它的诞生，源于沙特人民对干旱环境资源的巧妙利用。阿拉伯半岛的妇女们用粗磨工具将小麦碾成粗粒，与羊肉或鸡肉一同长时间炖煮，加入小豆蔻和当地特有的黑柠檬调味，直至麦粒软烂、肉质融入粥中，形成绵密温润的口感。一勺入口，麦香、肉香与微酸的香料气息层层递进，既是沙漠生活里扎实的能量来源，也是沙特饮食基因中最朴素而深沉的一面。

Jareesh

Designated as the national dish by the Saudi Culinary Commission, Jareesh is one of the most historically profound staple foods in Saudi Arabia. It was documented as early as 1823 and is also a classic delicacy mentioned in ancient Arabian books.

Its origin stems from the Saudi people’s ingenious use of resources in arid environments. Women across the Arabian Peninsula grind wheat into coarse grains with rough milling tools, then slowly simmer them with lamb or chicken for hours. Seasoned with cardamom and local distinctive black lime, the dish is cooked until the wheat grains turn tender and the meat blends into the porridge, creating a rich, mellow texture.

One spoonful reveals layered aromas of wheat, meat, and subtly sour spices. It serves as a solid source of energy for desert life, and embodies the most simple and profound essence of Saudi culinary heritage.

2. 卡布萨——国民手抓饭，香料与肉的共鸣

Kabsa — National Hand-Pulled Rice, a Harmony of Spices and Meat

如果说吉里什是沙特的“文化符号”，那卡布萨就是沙特人餐桌上的“常客”。这道菜看起来朴素——将米饭与肉类（鸡、羊或骆驼肉）、蔬菜一同放入锅中慢煮——却因香料的加持而独有灵魂。小豆蔻、丁香、黑柠檬、肉桂等碰撞融合，米饭吸满肉香与香料的醇厚，肉质炖得软烂脱骨。最地道的吃法是一家人围坐，用右手五根手指抓食共享一盘卡布萨，既是味蕾的满足，也是亲情与情谊的传递。

Kabsa

If Jareesh stands as Saudi Arabia’s cultural symbol, then Kabsa is an everyday staple on Saudi dining tables.Plain in appearance, this dish is slowly simmered in one pot with rice, meat—chicken, lamb or camel—and vegetables. It is the carefully blended spices that endow it with unique charm.Cardamom, cloves, black lime, cinnamon and other seasonings intertwine perfectly. The rice soaks up the rich aroma of meat and spices, while the meat is braised until tender and fall-off-the-bone.The most authentic way to enjoy it is for the whole family to sit together and share one platter with their right hands. It satisfies the palate, and also conveys warmth of family and friendship.

3. 地域特色美食：解锁沙特各省的专属风味

Regional Specialties: Discover the unique flavors of Saudi Arabia’s provinces

利雅得省｜马尔古格

Riyadh Province | Margoog

利雅得的灵魂家常炖菜，薄面片与羊肉、时令蔬菜共炖于浓郁香料浓汤，面片吸满肉香与汤汁，暖稠醇厚，是纳季德高原最质朴的烟火滋味

The soulful home-style stew of Riyadh. Thin dough sheets simmer with tender lamb and seasonal vegetables in a rich, spiced broth. The dough soaks up every drop of savory goodness, delivering a warm, hearty comfort—the unpretentious, soulful flavor of the Najd Plateau.

麦加省｜萨利格

Makkah Province ｜ Saleeg

被称为“沙特版烩饭”，米饭与鸡肉在牛奶和黄油中慢炖，温和粘稠，藏着西部海岸的柔情；

Known as the Saudi-style risotto,

rice and chicken are slowly stewed in milk and butter, creamy and mellow, embodying the tender charm of the western coast.

哈伊勒省｜库拜巴葡萄叶包饭

Hail Province｜Kubaibat Hail

沙特北部哈伊勒的招牌家常菜，新鲜葡萄叶包裹调味米饭与碎肉，加入当地特色香料与番茄，码入陶罐与带骨羊肉一同慢炖。叶香清润、米肉交融，酸香醇厚，是纳季德北部的质朴温情之味。

The signature home-style dish of northern Saudi Arabia’s Ha’il. Fresh grape leaves are stuffed with seasoned rice and minced meat, blended with local spices and tomatoes, then layered in an earthen pot with bone-in lamb and slow-simmered. Bright, herbaceous grape leaf aroma harmonizes with tender rice and meat, delivering a rich tangy warmth—the heartfelt comfort of northern Najd.

塔布克省｜赛亚迪耶

Tabuk Province｜Sayadiyah

红海沿岸的渔夫风味，白鱼（海鲈或鲷鱼）香煎至外皮金黄，米饭以焦香洋葱与秘制香料鱼汤焖煮，米吸鲜醇、鱼带焦香，是西北部海岸的咸鲜馈赠。

A fisherman’s delight from the Red Sea coast. White fish (sea bass or snapper) is pan-fried to a golden crisp. Rice is simmered in a broth of caramelized onions and secret spices, absorbing all the umami. The fish boasts a smoky crust—this is the savory gift of the northwest coast.

Saudi

4. 特色甜点：甜蜜收尾里的温柔

Special Desserts: Tenderness in a Sweet Finale

沙特的甜点以椰枣、蜂蜜和黄油为主要原料，甜而不腻，带着自然的醇厚。鲁凯麦特是最受欢迎的小吃之一，外酥里软的油炸面团球，撒上芝麻或椰丝，淋上蜂蜜或糖浆，一口一个。

库纳法则更具仪式感：酥脆的丝状面皮包裹融化的奶酪，淋上玫瑰糖浆，热食时甜香中萦绕着花香。在节日或家庭聚会中，这样一盘甜点常常意味着宴席的高潮。

Saudi desserts mainly feature dates, honey and butter as core ingredients, offering a mellow natural sweetness that is rich yet not cloying. Luqaimat is one of the most popular local treats — crispy fried dough balls with a soft, tender interior, topped with sesame seeds or coconut flakes and drizzled with honey or syrup, perfect for one-bite enjoyment. Kunafa carries a stronger sense of ritual: flaky shredded pastry wraps melted cheese, finished with fragrant rose syrup, releasing delicate floral notes alongside warm sweet aromas when served hot. During festivals and family gatherings, a platter of such desserts often marks the highlight of the feast.

SWEETS

二、沙特餐饮文化：信仰、礼仪与好客之道

沙特的餐饮文化深深植根于伊斯兰信仰与贝都因游牧传统。在这里，每一顿饭都有仪式感，每一个细节都藏着深厚的文化底蕴。

Saudi Culinary Culture: Faith, Etiquette and Hospitality;

Saudi culinary culture is deeply rooted in Islamic beliefs and Bedouin nomadic traditions. Every meal here is filled with a sense of ritual, and every detail embodies profound cultural heritage.

1. 清真饮食：信仰赋予的饮食准则

Halal Cuisine: Dietary Principles Shaped by Faith

受伊斯兰教法影响，沙特的饮食严格遵循清真原则。屠宰动物须遵循特定方法，确保食材洁净可食；猪肉与酒精饮品被严格禁止。在沙特，人们常称食物为“恩典”，餐前念“太斯米”（奉真主之名），餐后念“万赞归主”，敬畏与感恩贯穿每一餐。

Influenced by Islamic Sharia law, Saudi Arabia’s diet strictly adheres to halal principles. Animals are slaughtered in accordance with specific rituals to ensure pure and permissible ingredients. Pork and alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited. Locally, food is regarded as a divine blessing. People recite the Tasmiyah (In the name of Allah) before meals and offer praises to Allah after eating, with reverence and gratitude embodied in every dining moment.

2. 待客之道：以食为礼的热情

Hospitality: Warmth Expressed Through Food

沙特人以好客闻名，食物是表达善意最直接的方式。传统用餐时，人们围坐在一盘美食旁席地而坐，用右手抓食自己正前方的食物。主人会主动协助切肉，确保每位客人都能方便取食。

阿拉伯咖啡是待客的最高礼仪。由咖啡豆与小豆蔻等香料一同煮制，口感醇厚微苦。主人用精致的小杯子为客人倒咖啡，客人双手接过，喝完轻轻摇晃杯子示意不再续杯，此时搭配一口甜蜜的椰枣，苦甜交融，恰好诠释了沙特人的待客哲学。

Saudis are renowned for their hospitality, and food serves as the most heartfelt way to convey kindness. During traditional meals, people sit on the floor around a large shared platter and eat with their right hands, taking food directly in front of them. Hosts will kindly cut meat for guests to ensure everyone can dine with ease.

Arabic coffee represents the highest form of hospitality. Brewed with coffee beans, cardamom and other spices, it has a rich, slightly bitter taste. The host pours coffee into delicate small cups for guests, who receive it with both hands. Finishing the drink, guests gently shake the cup to decline refills. Paired with a sweet date, the balanced contrast of bitter and sweet perfectly embodies the Saudi philosophy of hospitality.

3. 饮食与生活：顺应自然，敬畏传统

Diet and Life: Living in Harmony with Nature and Respecting Traditions

沙特饮食与自然环境深度绑定。北部气温较低，高热量菜肴如哈伊勒省的库拜巴（用葡萄叶包裹调味米饭慢炖）尤为盛行；南部气候湿润、农田肥沃，小麦是主要食材，菜肴注重本味；沿海地区则依托丰富的海产资源，海鲜料理成为特色。

斋月期间，人们日落开斋时常吃鲁凯麦特和哈里斯；朝圣期间，麦加米饭等传统美食为朝圣者提供能量补给。每一道美食，都承载着节日的意义与祝福。

Saudi cuisine is deeply intertwined with the natural environment. In the colder northern regions, high-calorie dishes such as Kubaibat from Ha’il Province — slow‑cooked grape leaves stuffed with seasoned rice — are widely enjoyed. The humid, fertile southern highlands rely heavily on wheat, with dishes highlighting pure, original flavors. Along the coasts, abundant marine resources make seafood specialties a local hallmark.

During Ramadan, people often enjoy Luqaimat and Harees to break their fast at sunset. Throughout the pilgrimage season, traditional foods such as Makkah rice sustain pilgrims with lasting energy. Every local delicacy carries festive meaning and heartfelt blessings.

三、实用餐饮礼仪：解锁沙特用餐的正确姿势

如果有机会走进沙特，记住这些礼仪细节，既能体现尊重，也能更好地感受当地文化。

Practical Dining Etiquette: Grasp the Proper Ways to Dine in Saudi Arabia

If you visit Saudi Arabia, keeping these etiquette rules in mind will show your respect and help you better embrace the local culture.

餐前洗手，部分餐厅设有专门的洗手池；Wash your hands before meals. Some restaurants provide dedicated hand washing sinks.
用餐只能用右手，左手放在身侧，不用于抓食或传递食物；Only use your right hand while dining; keep your left hand by your side, and never use it to take or pass food.
等主人或年长男性先开始用餐后再动筷；Wait for the host or senior male members to start eating first before you dine.
接受食物或饮料时双手接过；Receive food and beverages with both hands.
餐后可用“daimah”（愿你的餐桌永远丰盛）表达谢意；After the meal, you may express thanks by saying “daimah”, which means “may your table always be abundant”.
餐厅用餐通常给小费，约为账单的10%。Tipping is common in restaurants, usually about 10% of the total bill.

Saudi

沙特的美食，没有华丽的摆盘，也没有繁复的技法，却有着最纯粹的风味与最深厚的情怀。从吉里什的千年传承到卡布萨的国民喜爱，从地域美食的多样性到餐饮礼仪的细致入微，每一口香气都藏着沙特的历史、文化与温情。

下次提起沙特，除了沙漠与圣地，不妨也想起这些藏在香料与烟火里的美味——那是阿拉伯半岛另一面的温柔。

Saudi cuisine features no elaborate plating or complicated cooking techniques, yet it offers the purest flavors and deepest sentiments. From the time-honored heritage of Jarish to the nationwide popularity of Kabsa, and from the diversity of regional dishes to the exquisite dining etiquette, every bite embodies Saudi Arabia’s history, culture and warmth. Next time you think of Saudi Arabia, beyond deserts and holy lands, may you also recall these delicacies infused with spices and everyday life — they reveal the gentle side of the Arabian Peninsula.